Rwanda joined the rest of the world on September 10, 2024 to mark the International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies. During this observance, the Minister of Environment, Dr. Valentine Uwamariya, highlighted the pressing issue of rising air pollution driven by industrial emissions, vehicle emissions, and poor waste management practices, such as biomass burning.

Dr. Uwamariya emphasized the need to address the impact of air pollution on public health and the environment after a presentation of the 2021-2023 Air Quality Status report. “This is affecting public health and the environment. As Rwanda continues its path toward sustainable development, it is crucial to prioritize and invest in measures that ensure cleaner air,” she said.

Despite notable strides in addressing air pollution—such as the introduction of clean energy solutions, electric mobility, emissions regulations, and public awareness campaigns—the report revealed increasing levels of pollutants. This coincides with the theme of this year’s International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies: “Invest in Clean Air.” The theme underscores the necessity for both public and private sectors to allocate resources and foster innovation to combat pollution.

“Clean air is essential to address climate change, preserve our natural resources, and ensure the well-being of future generations. Whether it’s adopting cleaner technologies, reducing the use of polluting fuels, or participating in community clean-up initiatives, everyone has a role to play. By investing in clean air today, we are paving the way for a healthier, more sustainable Rwanda,” Uwamariya added.

The Minister also highlighted the urgent need to establish air quality standards to regulate emissions from various pollution sources.

Vulnerable groups—such as the elderly and individuals with pre-existing conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and lung disease—are at risk. Dry spells exacerbate poor air quality, posing additional threats to children, infants, and pregnant women. Outdoor workers are also particularly vulnerable to air pollution.

“We commit to promoting and using public transport, cycling, or walking short distances, and organizing eco-walks and public cycling events to raise awareness. Schools and higher learning institutions should also prioritize electric buses and create bicycle-friendly campuses,” Uwamariya emphasized. She called for investment in technologies and solutions that cut emissions and reduce pollution.

The report indicates that rapid population growth, especially in urban and suburban areas, has led to increased air pollutants due to heightened human activities. These pollutants pose public health risks that may contribute to cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and various respiratory illnesses.

Air pollution is particularly dangerous for children and the elderly, though most pollutants are still below national air quality limits. However, pollutant concentrations tend to increase during the dry season, with higher levels recorded during rush hours and lower levels observed at night.

To address this, people are encouraged to reduce vehicular emissions, promote sustainable industrial practices, and expand Rwanda’s air quality monitoring network. People are also encouraged to monitor air quality through the Rwanda Air Quality Index and expand green spaces through tree-planting initiatives.

Rwanda has implemented several measures to reduce pollution, such as promoting public transport, vehicle inspection programs, non-motorized transport options like bicycle lanes, car-free zones, and electric vehicle incentives. The country is also working to reduce biomass burning and encourage renewable energy for cooking.