Isoko rya Karubone
Isoko rya karubone ni isoko ryisi yose aho umwuka wa karubone wagabinijwe ushobora kugurwa no kugurishwa hubahirijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho byihariye. Intego y'isoko rya karubone ni ukugabanya imyuka ihumanya kandi ikongera ubushyuhe ku isi. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kwitabira isoko rya karubone mu Rwanda no gutanga umusanzu mu kugabanya iyo myuka.
Standardized Crediting Framework (SCF)Isoko rya karubone ni isoko ryisi yose aho umwuka wa karubone wagabijwe ushobora kugurwa no kugurishwa hubahirijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho byihariye. Intego y'isoko rya karubone ni ukugabanya imyuka ihumanya kandi ikongera ubushyuhe ku Isi.
Mu mategeko agenga isoko rya karubone, ibihugu bihabwa ibyangombwa byinshi byo kohereza karuboni kugeza kurwego runaka. Niba igihugu kidakoresheje ibyemezo byacyo byose, gishobora kugurisha impushya zidakoreshwa mu kindi gihugu cyifuza kohereza umwuka wa Karubone.
Isoko rya karubone ryatangijwe n’amasezerano ya Kyoto kugira ngo ryorohereze uburyo ibihugu bigabanya imyuka yongera ubushyuhe ku isi. Iha ibihugu byateye imbere amahirwe yo gushora imari muburyo bworoshye bwo kugabanya iyo myuka, hagamijwe kongera icyifuzo cy’isi yose mu gushyira mu bikorwa intego zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya kandi ikongera ubushyuhe ku Isi.
Isoko rya karubone rikubiyemo uburyo bwisoko ryashyizweho mu masezerano ya Kyoto, harimo uburyo bwiswe “Clean Development Mechanism”, “International Emissions Trading” ndetse na “Joint Implementation”. Ibi bigengwa n’amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye yerekeye imihindagurikire y’ibihe (UNFCCC) n’isoko rya Karubone ryigenga (Voluntary carbon Market). isoko rya Karubone ryigenga ryemerera abantu n’amasosiyete guhagarika cyangwa kugabanya imyuka ihumanya kandi yongera ubushyuhe binyuze mu buryo butandukanye bwo gutera inkunga.
Nubwo u Rwanda rutohereza imyuka myinshi mukirere, rufite amahirwe yo gukora imishinga itandukanye y’isoko rya karubone bijyanye n’ icyerekezo cyayo cyo kugira ubukungu burengera ibidukikije mu 2050. Isoko rya karubone rizagira uruhare runini mu kugabanya imyuka kandi bizagira uruhare mu iterambere rirambye ry’igihugu.
Mu Rwanda, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) hamwe n’isoko rya Karubone Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) nuburyo bubiri bukora. Ingano ya karubone yagabanijwe igacuruzwa mu Rwanda muri iki gihe yiganjemo imishinga ijyanye no gukoresha imbabura zirondereza ibcanwa igizwe na 87%.
Ukuboza 2020, u Rwanda rwagurishije unite za karubone 2,250.000 binyuze mu isoko rya karubone. Ibikorwa byose bya CDM byatanze unite za Karubone 724.320 mugihe ibikorwa bya VCM byatanze 1.525,680 unite za karubone.
Niba ufite umushinga ushobora kugabanya imyuka ihumanya kandi yongera ubushyuhe ku Isi ikirere, intambwe ikurikira ni ugutegura inyandiko yerekana umushinga. Dukurikije ingingo ya 6.2 n’ingingo ya 6.4 yamasezerano yasinyiwe i Paris, soma birambuye Imikorere y’isoko rya Karubone mu Rwanda.
Umushinga ugomba kunyura mu nzira yo kwemerwa mugihugu binyuze mu kigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga ibidukikije mu Rwanda (REMA), ari nacyo kigo cy’igihugu cyagenwe (NDA) hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 6.2 na 6.4. REMA yemeza umushinga nyuma yo gusuzuma niba umushinga uzafasha u Rwanda kugera ku majyambere arambye, na nyuma yo gusuzuma izindi mpamvu.
Umushinga ntushobora kumenyekanisha ko wagabanije iyo keretse nyuma yo gukora igenzura ryayo makuru byemejwe n’inzobere ibyemerewe (Verifier). Niyo mpamvu ushira mu bikorwa uwo mushinga ategura raporo igaragaza uko yagiye agabanya iyo myuka, nyuma igashyikirizwa iyo nzobere.
Kugenzura nicyemezo cyigenga cyakozwe nikigo cyangwa inzobere. Nyuma ayo makuru ahabwa ikigo kibifitiye ububasha, kikemeza ko hagabanijwe ingano y’umwuka runaka, bikabarwa muma unite (carbon credits). Niba ushaka kwandikisha umushinga wawe wa karubone, mugihe wubahirije ibisabwa nyura kuri urwo rubuga.
Regisitiri ya Karubone
Imikorere y’ isoko rya karubone mu Rwanda bijyanye n’ingingo ya 6 yamasezerano y’i Paris
U Rwanda rwakoze raporo igaragaza imikorere y’isoko rya karubone. Intego yayo nugushyiraho imikorere mu gufasha igihugu kwitegura kwitabira isoko rya karubone hagendewe ku ngingo ya 6 (6.2 na 6.4), ndetse n’imikorere itagamije gucuruza imyuka yagabanijwe (non-market) mu ngingo ya 6.8.
Iyi raporo yateguwa kugirango hatangwe umucyo kubashaka gukorera bikorwa byo mu isoko rya karubone mu Rwanda
Iyo raporo yemeje inzego za Leta n’imikorere yazo mu isoko rya karubone.
Iyo raporo kandi yashyize ahagaraga ibisabwa kubafite imishinga, uburyo buyandikisha, uburyo imyuka yagabanijwe izabarwamo, ndetse nuburyo hazimakazwa ubusugire ku bidukikije binyuze muri iyo mishinga.
Imikorere y’isoko rya karubone
Amakuru