Impamvu y'Imihindagurikire y'Ibihe

Siyanse yemeje ko ibikorwa by’abantu byongereye imyuka yongera ubushyuhe ku Isi. Urugero, gutwika ibicanwa bikomoka kuri peteroli, gutema amashyamba, gutwika amakara, peteroli cyangwa gaze mukuyibyaza amashanyarazi, imyanda idacunzwe, amatungo y’amatungo, ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi nko gukoresha cyane ifumbire mvaruganda, n'ibindi. Uku kwiyongera kw’ imyuka yongera ubushyuhe ku Isi yagiye yiyongera, ari nacyo gitera imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Tubwirwa n'iki ko ibikorwa bya muntu aribyo byateje ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi?

Abahanga bakoze ubushakashatsi ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere kugira ngo basobanukirwe n’impamvu zishobora gutuma isi ishyuha cyangwa ikonja. Ibinini ni impinduka zingufu zizuba, kuzenguruka inyanja, ibikorwa byibirunga, nubunini bwa gaze ya parike mukirere kandi buriwese yabigizemo uruhare mugihe kimwe.

Mu kugerageza kumenya icyateye imihindagurikire y’ibihe muri iki gihe, abahanga barebye ibyo bintu byose. Ibice bitatu bya mbere byagiye bitandukana gato mu binyejana byashize kandi birashoboka cyane ko byagize ingaruka nke ku kirere, cyane cyane mbere ya 1950. Icyakora, ntibishobora kubara ubushyuhe bw’isi bwiyongera cyane, cyane cyane mu gice cya kabiri cy’ikinyejana cya 20, igihe izuba ryinshi ryaragabanutse kandi kuruka kwikirunga byagize ingaruka zikonje.

Ubwo bushyuhe busobanurwa neza no kuzamuka kwa gaze ya parike. Imyuka ya parike igira ingaruka zikomeye ku kirere. Byongeye kandi, kuva Revolisiyo y’inganda, abantu bagiye bongera byinshi muri byo mu kirere, cyane cyane mu gucukura no gutwika ibicanwa biva mu kirere nk’amakara, peteroli, na gaze, bisohora dioxyde de carbone.

Iyongera ryihuse rya gaze ya parike yatumye ikirere gishyuha gitunguranye. Mubyukuri, imiterere yikirere yerekana ko ubushyuhe bw’ibidukikije bushobora gusobanura hafi y’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe kuva mu 1950. Ibi byemejwe n’akanama mpuzamahanga ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe (IPCC) kuri raporo yacyo ya mbere y’isuzuma.

Tubwirwa n'iki ko ibikorwa bya muntu aribyo byateje ubushyuhe bukabije ku isi?
Nigute ibikorwa byabantu byatumye ubushyuhe bwiyongera ku Isi?

Nigute ibikorwa byabantu byatumye ubushyuhe bwiyongera ku Isi?

Ibikorwa by'iterambere byakomeje kwiyongera kuva impinduramatwara mu nganda yatangira mu 1870. Inganda zakoresheje ibicanwa bitandukanye, birimo amakara, gaze, n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, byose bisohora gaze ya parike. Ibi bimaze igihe kinini mbere yuko abantu bakanguka ngo byabagiraho ingaruka. Byongeye kandi, kubera ubwinshi bwimijyi, ubwubatsi, guteka, nibindi, amashyamba yaraciwe, kandi nyamara arashobora gukuraho dioxyde de carbone (CO2) mukirere. Iyo amashyamba yangiritse, dioxyde de carbone isohoka mu kirere, kandi ibyo byatumye imyuka myinshi ya karuboni ihumanya.

Impamvu zitera imyuka ihumanya ikirere

  • Gutwika amakara, peteroli, na gaze bitanga karuboni ya dioxyde na aside nitide.
  • Gutema amashyamba (gutema amashyamba), ibiti bifasha kugenzura ikirere hifashishijwe CO2 mu kirere. Iyo zimaze gutemwa, izo ngaruka zingirakamaro ziratakara kandi karubone yabitswe mubiti irekurwa mukirere, bikongeraho ingaruka za parike.
  • Kongera ubworozi bw'amatungo, kubera ko inyamaswa zororoka zitanga metani nyinshi iyo zinogeye ibiryo byazo.
  • Gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda ikabije irimo azote itanga imyuka ya azote.
  • Imyuka ya fluor isohoka mubikoresho (firigo, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha, nibindi) nibicuruzwa bikoresha iyi F-gaze. Ibyo byuka bifite ingaruka zikomeye zo gushyuha, bikubye inshuro 23 000 kurenza dioxyde de carbone.

 

Impamvu zitera imyuka ihumanya ikirere